There are many excellent general database texts available that cover the broad fields of relational databases, E-R modeling, and SQL. Amongst the best are:
An Introduction to Database Systems, C.J. Date (Addison Wesley).
Database System Concepts, A. Silberschatz, H.F. Korth, and S. Sudarshan (McGraw-Hill).
Fundamentals of Database Systems, R. Elmasri and S.B. Navathe (Addison Wesley).
Database Management Systems, R. Ramakrishnan and J. Gehrke (McGraw-Hill).
For a coverage of SQL, there are several good books, but many are out-of-print. Currently available books include:
A Guide to the SQL Standard: A User's Guide to the Standard Database Language SQL, C.J. Date and H. Darwen (Addison Wesley). This book isn't for the beginner but does an excellent job of covering the standard in detail.
SQL-99 Complete, Really, P. Gulutzan and T. Pelzer (CMP Books). MySQL supports the SQL-92 standard, but this book is an excellent and long introduction to SQL with many worked examples.
There are many books that cover the tuning of a specific DBMS. Here's one text that is general in its introductory coverage and devotes a chapter to each DBMS product:
Database Performance Tuning Handbook, J. Dunham (McGraw-Hill).
For MySQL, the manual.html file distributed with the installation is an excellent resource. Books include:
MySQL and mSQL (Nutshell Series), R.J. Yarger, G. Reese, and T. King (O'Reilly).
MySQL, P. DuBois (New Riders Publishing).
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